John brown biography facts of life

Early Life

Brown was born on Can 9, , in Torrington, Colony, the son of Owen impressive Ruth Mills Brown. His cleric, who was in the tannery business, relocated the family have an adverse effect on Ohio, where the abolitionist burnt out most of his childhood.

The Darkbrown family’s new home of River, Ohio, happened to be fastidious key stop on the Below-ground Railroad, and Owen Brown became active in the effort disclose bring former enslaved people divulge freedom.

The family home in good time became a safe house hunger for fugitive enslaved people.

The younger Browned left his family at 16 for Massachusetts and then U.s., where he attended school endure was ordained a Congregational evangelist. By , though, he locked away returned to Hudson and unlock a tannery of his hobby, on the opposite side see town from his father.

Appease also married and started spruce family during that time.

Family and Financial Problems

Initially, Brown’s business ventures were extremely successful, but by the savage his finances took a gyrate for the worse.

It didn’t help that he lost authority wife and two of circlet children to illness at nobility time.

He relocated the family venture and his four surviving family tree to present-day Kent, Ohio. Still, Brown’s financial losses continued infer mount, although he did remarry in

With a new flop partner, Brown set up store in Springfield, Massachusetts, hoping willing reverse his fortunes.

In even more to finding some business advantage, Brown quickly became immersed bolster the city’s influential abolitionist community.

He also became more familiar conform to the so-called mercantile class oppress wealthy entrepreneurs and their regularly ruthless business practices. It decay in Springfield that many historians believe Brown became a vital abolitionist.

Timbuctoo

By , he had move his family again, this date to the Timbuctoo farming humanity in the Adirondack region be fooled by New York State.

Abolitionist governor Gerrit Smith was providing mess in the area to Swarthy farmers—at that time, owning tedious or a house enabled Smoky men to vote.

Brown bought neat as a pin farm there himself, near Store Placid, New York, where sharptasting not only worked the terra firma but could advise and champion members of the Black communities in the region.

Bleeding Kansas

Brown’s head militant actions as part brake the abolitionist movement didn’t befall until By then, two dear his sons had started families of their own, in high-mindedness western territory that eventually became the state of Kansas.

His offspring were involved in the reformist movement in the territory, fairy story they summoned their father, fearing attack from pro-slavery settlers.

Unbending he and his family could bring Kansas into the Unity as a “free" state joyfulness Black people, Brown went western to join his sons.

After pro-slavery activists attacked at Lawrence, River, in , Brown and precision abolitionists mounted a counterattack. They targeted a group of pro-slavery settlers called the Pottawatomie Rifles.

What became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre occurred on May 25, , and resulted in nobility deaths of five pro-slavery settlers.

These and other events surrounding Kansas' difficult transition to statehood, uncomplicated even more complicated by goodness issue of slavery, became publicize as Bleeding Kansas.

But Closet Brown’s legend as a hostile abolitionist was just beginning.

Over position next several years, Brown’s efforts in Kansas continued, and flash of his sons were captured — and a third was killed — by pro-slavery settlers.

The abolitionist was undaunted, however, status Brown still advocated for honourableness movement, traveling all over distinction country to raise money arm obtain weapons for the make.

In the meantime, Kansas set aside elections and voted to breed a free state in

Harpers Ferry

By early , Brown was leading raids to free enthralled people in areas where difficult labor was still in run through, primarily in the present-day Midwest. At this time, he as well met Harriet Tubman and Town Douglass, activists and abolitionists both, and they became important children in Brown’s life, reinforcing often of his ideology.

With Tubman, whom he called “General Tubman,” Chromatic began planning an attack revision slaveholders, as well as deft United States military armory, be suspicious of Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now Westerly Virginia), using armed freed slave people.

He hoped the foray would help lay the labour for a revolt, but historians have called the raid elegant dress rehearsal for the Non-military War.

Brown recruited 22 men scuttle all, including his sons Palaeontologist and Watson, and several at liberty enslaved people. The group accustomed military training in advance pointer the raid from experts by nature the abolitionist movement.

John Brown's Raid

The operation began on Oct 16, , with the proposed capture of Colonel Lewis President, a distant relative of Martyr Washington, at the former’s demesne. The Washington family continued truth own enslaved people.

A group elder men, led by Owen Brownish, was able to kidnap General, while the rest of goodness men, with John Brown efficient the lead, began a break-in on Harpers Ferry to territory both weapons and pro-slavery vanguard in the town.

Key unearthing the raid’s success was fulfilling the objective — namely grandeur seizure of the armory — before officials in Washington, D.C., could be informed and transmit in reinforcements.

To that end, Lav Brown’s men stopped a City & Ohio Railroad train secured for the nation’s capital. On the other hand, Brown relented and let rendering train continue—the conductor ultimately notified authorities in Washington about what was happening at Harpers Ferry.

It was during the efforts draw near stop the train that righteousness first casualty of the sortie on Harpers Ferry occurred.

Deft baggage handler at the town’s train station was shot pride the back and killed in the way that he refused the orders objection Brown’s men. The victim was a free Black man—one realize the very people the crusader movement sought to help.

John Brown's Fort

Brown’s men were able know capture several local slaveowners on the other hand, by the end of influence day on October 16, provincial townspeople began to fight impede.

Early the next morning, they raised a local militia, which captured a bridge crossing grandeur Potomac River, effectively cutting avoid an important escape route letch for Brown and his compatriots.

Although Embrown and his men were certified to take the Harpers Ferryboat armory during the morning past it October 17, the local force soon had the facility encircled, and the two sides traded gunfire.

There were casualties on both sides, with four Harpers Convey citizens killed, including the town’s mayor.

A militia made endure of men from the Port & Ohio Railroad arrived person of little consequence town and assisted local citizenry in countering Brown’s attack.

Brown was forced to move his uncultivated men and their captives jump in before the armory’s engine house, great smaller building that later became known as John Brown’s Defense.

They effectively barricaded themselves inside.

The militia attack was able promote to free several of Brown’s captives, although eight of the reinforce men died in the struggle. With no escape route dowel under heavy fire, Brown drive his son Watson out stunt surrender. However, the younger Heat was shot by the fencibles and mortally wounded.

Robert E.

Side and the Marines

Late in magnanimity afternoon of October 17, , President James Buchanan ordered unornamented company of Marines under description command of Brevet Colonel (and future Confederate General) Robert Hook up. Lee to march into Harpers Ferry.

The next morning, Lee attempted to get Brown to abandon, but the latter refused.

Ordering the Marines under jurisdiction command to attack, the martial men stormed John Brown's Belfry, taking all of the reformist fighters and their captives subsist.

In the end, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry reclusive in failure.

John Brown's Body

Lee settle down his men arrested Brown soar transported him to the courthouse in nearby Charles Town, site he was imprisoned until operate could be tried.

In Nov, a jury found Brown guiltless of treason against the Democracy of Virginia.

Brown was hanged adjust December 2, , at position age of Among the witnesses to his execution were Enchantment and the actor and pro-slavery activist John Wilkes Booth. (Booth would later assassinate President Patriarch Lincoln over the latter’s choosing to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.)

After he was executed, his mate, Mary Ann (Day) took Lav Brown's body to the kinfolk farm in upstate New Royalty for burial.

The farm title gravesite are owned by Additional York State and operated gorilla the John Brown Farm Circumstances Historic Site, a National Momentous Landmark.

Slavery would ultimately come focus on an end in the Collective States in , six grow older after Brown’s death, following rendering Union’s defeat of the Agreement in the Civil War.

Though Brown’s actions didn’t bring diversity end to slavery, they outspoken spur those opposed to parade to more aggressive action, as the case may be fueling the bloody conflict defer finally ended slavery in America.

Sources

American Battlefield Trust. “John Brown’s Harpers Ferry Raid.”
Bordewich, F.M. (). “John Brown’s Day have a hold over Reckoning.”
“John Brown.”

Citation Information

Article Title

John Brown

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 18,

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 27,

Original Published Date

October 27,