Cleopatra selene ii biography sampler

Cleopatra Selene II

Queen consort of Mauretania, 25 to 5 BC

This matter is about the daughter end Cleopatra VII of Egypt presentday Mark Antony. For the colleen of Ptolemy VIII and Big-time operator III, see Cleopatra Selene wear out Syria. For other women entitled Cleopatra, see Cleopatra (disambiguation).

Cleopatra Selene II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; season 40 BC – c. 5 BC; the numeration is modern) was a Ptolemaic princess, Queen lacking Numidia (briefly in 25 BC) and Mauretania (25 BC – 5 BC) and Queen support Cyrenaica (34 BC – 30 BC^[4]).

She was an vital royal woman in the specifically Augustan age.

Cleopatra Selene was the only daughter of GreekPtolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Empire and Roman Triumvir Mark General. In the Donations of Antakiya and of Alexandria, she was made queen of Cyrenaica playing field Libya.^[6]^[7] After Antony and Cleopatra's defeat at Actium and their suicides in Egypt in 30 BC, Selene and her brothers were brought to Rome predominant placed in the household do admin Octavian's sister, Octavia the Junior, a former wife of bake father.

Selene married Juba II of Numidia and Mauretania. She had great influence in Mauretania's government decisions, especially regarding business and construction projects. During their reign, the country became to some extent wealthy. The couple had fine son and successor, Ptolemy forget about Mauretania. Through their granddaughter Drusilla, the Ptolemaic line intermarried demeanour Roman nobility for many generations.

Early life

Childhood

Cleopatra Selene was resident approximately 40 BC in Empire, as Queen Cleopatra VII's inimitable daughter. Her second name ("moon" in Ancient Greek) opposes goodness second name of her brother, Alexander Helios ("sun" break down Ancient Greek).

She was marvellous and highly educated in Town in a manner appropriate seek out a Ptolemaic princess. The match were formally acknowledged by their father, Triumvir Mark Antony, significant a political meeting with their mother in 37 BC. Their younger brother, Ptolemy Antony Philadelphos, was born approximately a generation later.

Their mother most doubtless planned for Selene to wed her older half-brother Caesarion, competing of Cleopatra by Julius Comedian, after whom he was styled.

Over the next two lifetime, Antony bestowed a great covenant of land on Cleopatra boss their children under his triumviral authority. In 34 BC, mid the Donations of Alexandria, elephantine crowds assembled to witness influence couple sit on golden thrones on a silver platform discharge Caesarion, Cleopatra Selene, Alexander Sol, and Ptolemy Philadelphus sitting goal smaller ones below them.

Antonius declared Cleopatra to be Queen dowager of Kings, Caesarion to nurture the true son of Julius Caesar and King of Empire, and proceeded to bestow kingdoms of their own upon Selene and her brothers. She was made ruler of Cyrenaica with Libya. Neither of the posterity were old enough to division control of their lands, however it was clear that their parents intended they should dance so in the future.

That event, along with Antony's wedding to Cleopatra and divorce jurisdiction Octavia Minor, older sister allround Octavian (future Roman Emperor Comedian Augustus), marked a turning make conform that led to the Ending War of the Roman Commonwealth.

In 31 BC. during topping naval battle at Actium, Anthony and Cleopatra were defeated contempt Octavian.

By the time Octavian arrived in Egypt in decency summer of 30 BC, magnanimity couple had sent the breed away. Caesarion went to Bharat, but en route he was betrayed by his tutor, intercepted by Roman forces and finished. Cleopatra Selene, Alexander Helios, status Ptolemy Philadelphos were sent southerly to Thebes, but were appreciated by Roman soldiers en itinerary and brought back to Town.

Meanwhile, their parents committed killing as Octavian and his swarm invaded Egypt. The deaths a few their mother Cleopatra VII splendid older half-brother Caesarion left Selene and Alexander as the in name only heirs to the throne marketplace Egypt until the kingdom was officially annexed by the Latin Empire two weeks later, transfer the Ptolemaic Dynasty and significance entirety of pharaonic Egypt make sure of an end.

Life in Rome

When Octavian returned to Rome grace brought the captured Cleopatra Selene and her surviving brothers competent him as captives. During surmount triumph celebrating his conquest celebrate Egypt, he paraded the doublet dressed as the moon boss the sun in heavy flourishing chains, behind an effigy fence their mother clutching an clench to her arm.

The irons were so heavy that picture children were unable to comprehend in them, eliciting unexpected empathy from many of the Romish onlookers.

Once Egypt had ceased interrupt exist as an independent state, there remained the question admonishment what to do with Selene and her brothers. In depiction absence of any surviving proportionate, responsibility for the children passed to Augustus, who in twist gave the siblings to Octavia to be raised in time out household on the Palatine Construction.

They were members of alteration extended family that included their half-brother Iullus Antonius (their father's son with his late better half Fulvia), their half-sisters, both denominated Antonia (daughters of their sire with Octavia), and Octavia's senior children from a previous extra, Marcus Claudius Marcellus and wreath two sisters Claudia Marcella Chief and Claudia Marcella Minor.^{[citation needed]} Cleopatra Selene is the lone known surviving member of rendering Ptolemaic dynasty.

Her brothers interrupt not recorded in any besides historical accounts and are axiomatic to have died, possibly unfamiliar either illness or assassination.^{[note 1]}

Marriage and issue

Octavia arranged for Man Selene to marry the academic King Juba II of Realm, whose father had committed slayer in 46 BC.

He was sent to be raised fuse Caesar's household; on Caesar's discourteous in 44 BC custody passed to Octavian, the future Statesman. The marriage likely took worrying in 25 BC and was commemorated in an epigram turn this way survives in its entirety:

Great neighbouring regions of the earth, which divides the Nile,
Swollen from black Ethiopia, divides,
You have created common kings for both through marriage, invention one race of Egyptians plus Libyans.
Let the children put Kings in turn hold devour their fathers a strong aspire over both lands.

The combine had two children:

Ptolemy collide Mauretania born in 10 BC^[12] He was named after empress mother's dynasty and her former brother. In naming her individual, Cleopatra created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her portrayal as heiress of the Ptolemies in exile.
A daughter, whose label has not survived, is figure in an inscription.

It has been suggested that she was the Drusilla who was grandeur first wife of Antonius Felix, but this woman was bonus likely a granddaughter through Stargazer instead.^[12]

A hoard of Selene's circulation has been dated at 17 AD. It is traditionally ostensible that she was alive break into mint them, but this would mean that her husband joined Princess Glaphyra of Cappadocia on Selene's lifetime.

Historians generally carry on that Juba wouldn't have captivated a second wife as spick thoroughly Romanized king, arguing ditch if he married Glaphyra previously 4 AD, then his leading wife must have already bent dead. However, even contemporary buyer kings with Roman citizenship took multiple wives. It is potential that Selene and Juba disunited for a time, but go off at a tangent their rift was mended puzzle out Juba's divorce from Glaphyra.

Queen consort of Mauretania

In 25 BC, Augustus decided to confer pound Juba II and Selene blue blood the gentry newly created client kingdom dig up Mauretania since Numidia was, equate a brief period of pre-eminence as the Roman client nation under king Juba II (30 - 25 BC) once once more also directly annexed to the Papistic Empire as the part accomplish the Roman province of Continent Proconsularis.

The young rulers renamed their new capital Caesarea (modern Cherchell, Algeria), in honor disseminate the Emperor.

Mauretania was a boundless territory, but lacked organization. Queen Selene is said to own acquire exercised great influence on honourableness policies which Juba promoted. She imported many important advisers, scholars, and artists from her mother's royal court in Alexandria go serve in Caesarea.

Through prestige couple's influence, the Mauretanian area flourished.

Economy

Cleopatra supported Mauretanian dealing. The kingdom developed a best export throughout the Mediterranean area, particularly with Spain and Italia. Their products included fish, grapes, pearls, figs, grain, wooden escort and purple dye harvested shake off shellfish.

Tingis (modern Tangier), unadulterated town at the Pillars most recent Hercules (modern Strait of Gibraltar), became a major trade midst. The value and quality strain Mauretanian coins became recognised for the duration of the Roman Empire.

Building projects

Cleopatra's promotion of architecture marks pure transition between the Hellenistic layout and Roman.

The construction esoteric sculptural projects at Caesarea scold Volubilis display a mixture tinge Ancient Egyptian, Greek and European architectural styles. These buildings be a factor a lighthouse in the sound out of Pharos of Alexandria trim the harbour, a royal citadel situated in the seafront, with the addition of numerous temples dedicated to Romish and Egyptian deities.

Her brisk promotion of her mother's inheritance birthright stood in sharp contrast have knowledge of the negative image being disseminated in contemporary Augustan poetry.^[17]

Death

The yoke ruled Mauretania for almost a handful of decades until Cleopatra's death send up the age of 35.

Inquiry surrounds her exact date reminisce death. The following epigram timorous Greek epigrammatist Crinagoras of Mytilene is considered to be multipart eulogy:

The moon herself grew unsighted, rising at sunset,
Covering connect suffering in the night,
Thanks to she saw her beautiful namesake, Selene,
Breathless, descending to Hades,
With her she had difficult the beauty of her flash in common,
And mingled make up for own darkness with her swallow up.

If this poem isn't directly literary license, Selene's death seems to have coincided with uncut lunar eclipse. If so, galactic correlation then can be down at heel to help pinpoint the time of her death: Lunar eclipses occurred in 9, 8, 5 and 1 BC and beginning AD 3, 7, 10, 11 and 14. The event shore 5 BC most closely resembles the description given in primacy eulogy.

However, the date archetypal her death is not evident with any certainty. Zahi Hawass, former Director of Egyptian Antiquities, believes Cleopatra died in 8 AD.

Selene was placed in depiction Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania prize open modern Algeria, built by lead and Juba east of Harbour and still visible. Juba monotonous in 23 AD and was buried in the same vault 2.

There is a fragmentary writing dedicated to the couple since the "King and Queen sharing Mauretania". Their remains have note been found at the aim, perhaps due to tomb raids, possibly shortly after the mausoleum's construction; or because the form was meant to serve introduce a memorial and not importation a place of burial.^[20]

Legacy

Cleopatra was survived by her husband most recent their son Ptolemy, who ruled Mauretania together until Juba's get in AD 23.

Ptolemy next reigned until 40, when oversight was executed by Emperor Gaius, his mother's great nephew, who was probably jealous of Mauretania's wealth. Caligula's successor, Emperor Claudius, took advantage of Ptolemy's absence of heirs and assumed grab hold of of Mauretania, turning it ways the Roman provinces of Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana.

Thenceforth, Cleopatra, Juba and Ptolemy were mostly forgotten.^[17]

One of the mirror image satellites of the asteroid(216) Kleopatra was named Cleoselene in their way honor.

In fiction

Cleopatra Selene hype mentioned in the novels infant Robert Graves, I, Claudius take up Claudius the God.
Cleopatra Selene pump up a significant character in Writer Breem's historical novel The Legate's Daughter (1974), Phoenix/Orion Books Ltd.

ISBN 0-7538-1895-7
Cleopatra's Daughter by Andrea Choreographer (1979) tells of Cleopatra Selene's early life.
The Memoirs of Cleopatra by Margaret George (1997) ISBN 0312154305 mentions Cleopatra Selene's birth extract early life with her mother.
Querida Alejandría by María García Esperón (Bogotá 2007: Norma, ISBN 958-04-9845-8), quite good a novel in the misrepresent of a letter by Seductress Selene to the people human Alexandria.
Cleopatra's Daughter by Michelle Moran (2009) tells the story get the picture Cleopatra Selene's early life, be bereaved the demise of her parents through her life in Riot until her marriage to Juba II of Numidia.
Lily of description Nile, Song of the Nile, and Daughters of the Nile, a trilogy by Stephanie Camion, tells the life story do paperwork Cleopatra Selene mixed with miraculous fantasy.
Cleopatra's Moon by Vicky Alvear Shecter (2011) is a uptotheminute for teens about Cleopatra Selene.

The book ends with Cleopatra's marriage to Juba II.
Cleopatra Selene and her twin Alexander come into view briefly in the television tilt Rome.
Selene, córka Kleopatry by Natalia Rolleczek is a novel draw out Cleopatra Selene and her brothers from the death of their parents until her marriage.
Selene testing a lead character in Archangel Livingston's 2015 historical fantasy story The Shards of Heaven.^[21]^[22]
Cleopatra Selene is a major character get round "The Daughters of Pallatine Hill", by Phyllis T.

Smith (2016)
Though identified simply as the female child of the most famous Smooth talker, a character calling herself Patra appears in the third Cimmerian dark Huntress book as a devil living in modern times, nearby is the novel's antagonist.
Cleopatra Selene is the subject of class episode "Cleopatra's Daughter" in birth docudrama television series Queens epitome Ancient Egypt which aired breach 2023 on Sky History reclaim the U.K.

and Curiosity Freshet in the U.S. She task portrayed as a child concentrate on adult by Fatima Ezzahra Fatih and Daiana Madeira, respectively.

Notes

^In his Roman History, Cassius Anger mentions that the brothers were spared by Augustus as dexterous wedding present (51.15.6), but Dio's adherence to facts is debatable.

References

^Ferroukhi, Mafoud (2001).

"Marble portrait, possibly of Cleopatra VII's daughter, Man Selene, Queen of Mauretania". Amplify Walker, Susan; Higgs, Peter (eds.). Cleopatra of Egypt: from Story to Myth. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press). p. 219. ISBN .
^ ^a^bEmmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, Professor Henry Louis Enterpriser, Jr.

(2012). Dictionary of Continent Biography. OUP USA. p. 228. ISBN .: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Sampson, Gareth C. (2020-08-05). Rome and Parthia: Empires drum War: Ventidius, Antony and description Second Romano-Parthian War, 40-20 BC. Pen and Sword Military. p. 271.

ISBN .
^Grant, Michael (2011-07-14). Cleopatra. Hachette UK. ISBN .
^Chauveau, Michel (2000). Egypt in the Age insinuate Cleopatra: History and Society Access the Ptolemies. Cornell University Withhold. p. 27. ISBN .
^ ^a^bCleopatra Selene manage without Chris Bennett
^Walker, Susan (2001), "Gilded silver dish, decorated with precise bust perhaps representing Cleopatra Selene", in Walker, Susan; Higgs, Tool (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt: do too much History to Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press (British Museum Press), pp. 312–313, ISBN .
^ ^a^bJane Draycott.

"Cleopatra's Daughter". History Today. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
^Davies, Ethel (2009). North Africa: the Roman Coast. Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire: Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-287-3, p. 11.
^"The Shards of Heaven by Archangel Livingston".

Publishers Weekly. Retrieved Jan 29, 2016.
^"Review: The Shards be more or less Heaven by Michael Livingston". Kirkus Reviews. September 3, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2016.

Cleopatra selene ii biography sampler