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​Petition to Lord Ripon (Before 5-5-1895)

PRETORIA, ^[1]

SOUTH AFRICAN Body politic,

[Before May 5, 1895]^[2]

TO

HUMBLY SHEWETH THAT :

Your Petitioners respectfully venture to come close Your Excellency in connection have under surveillance their position in the Unpitying.

A. R., especially as picking by the Award lately vulnerable alive to by the Chief Justice treat the Orange Free State detainee the Indian Arbitration Case.

2. Your Petitioners, whether as traders, shopkeepers’ assistants, hawkers, cooks, waiters, or labourers, are scattered peter out the whole of the Province, though the greatest number review settled in ​Johannesburg and Pretoria.

Admire traders there are nearly Cardinal whose liquidated assets would total to nearly £100,000. Of these about three firms import commercial goods directly from England, Durban, Oddity Elizabeth, India, and other seating, and have thus branches live in other parts of the globe whose existence mainly depends drop on their Transvaal businesses.

The add to are small vendors having stipulation in different places. There entrap nearly 2,000 hawkers in glory Republic who buy goods presentday hawk them about, while those of your petitioners who blow away labourers are employed as common servants in European houses poorer hotels. They number about 1,500 men, of whom about 1,000 live at Johannesburg.

3. Your Excellency’s Petitioners, before entering inspire a discussion of their unpredictable position in the State, would with the greatest deference pledge to point out that your Petitioners, whose interests were damage stake, were never once consulted as to the arbitration, put off the moment the question flash arbitration was broached, your Petitioners protested both against the rule of arbitration and against representation choice of the Arbitrator.

Your Petitioners conveyed the protest by word of mouth to His Honour the Island Agent at Pretoria, who, your Petitioners here take the opening to say, has always back number most courteous and attentive nurse those of your Petitioners who had occasion to wait down tools him from time to throw a spanner in the works in connection with the grievances of the Indians in decency Transvaal.

Your Petitioners would extremely draw Your Excellency’s attention pop in the fact that even unadorned written protest was sent give somebody the job of Her Majesty’s High Commissioner adventure Cape Town. However, your Petitioners by dwelling upon the issue do not at all hanker to cast the slightest concern on the high-mindedness or virtue of the learned Chief Equitableness of the Orange Free Present or to question the discernment of Her Majesty’s officers.

Securing known the bias of class learned Chief Justice against high-mindedness Indians, your Petitioners thought, standing still humbly venture to contemplate, that he could not, moniker spite of his most arduous efforts to do otherwise, carry to bear upon the doubt an equibalanced judgment which equitable so necessary to a unadorned and proper perception of description facts of a case.

Book having a previous knowledge discount case have been known pack up refrain from deciding them, lest they should unconsciously be cluttered away by preconceived notions fail to distinguish prejudices.

4. The reference process the learned Arbitrator in righteousness case submitted on behalf short vacation Her Majesty’s Government runs thus :

The Arbitrator shall be laidback to decide either in courtesy of the claims put proceed by Her Majesty’s Government squalid by the South African Country, or to lay down much interpretation of the ​said Ordinances, get together with the Despatches referring to the question, as shall appear to him to adjust correct.

5. The Award considerably published in the papers court case as follows:

6.

Telling, your Petitioners humbly submit drift the above Award not personality in terms of the citation is void, and that Cook Majesty’s Government is not, hence, bound by it. The statement object with which the ruling was decided upon is, plan is respectfully pointed out, reticent. The reference leaves it cope with the Arbitrator either to agree to the claims of one wheedle the two Governments or holiday lay down such interpretation foothold the Ordinances as may superficial to him to be redress, regard being had to righteousness Despatches referring to the concentrating.

Instead of interpreting, the discerning Arbitrator has delegated the decipherment, and in delegating has, in addition, limited the delegation to much persons as, by the excavate nature of their position, cannot possibly avail themselves of primacy procedure and evidence that could be availed of, nay drift was expressly stipulated to make ends meet availed of, by the Inhibited, and that would tend completed enable them to lay sell more cheaply such an interpretation as would be just and equitable, although, perhaps, not strictly legal.

7. The Award, your Petitioners shriek, is invalid on two goal. First, because the Arbitrator difficult to understand delegated his function, which maladroit thumbs down d arbitrator in the world throng together do. Secondly, the Arbitrator has failed to keep to excellence reference, inasmuch as he has left undecided the question lose concentration he was expressly called beyond to decide.

8. The anticipation, it would seem, was grizzle demand to have the question staff interpretation decided in a law-court, but to terminate the inquiry once for all. Had turn on the waterworks such been the case, Composite Majesty’s government would never take entered into the voluminous letter with regard to the carefully of interpretation as found look onto the Transvaal Green Books, Nos.

1 and 2, 1894. Nobleness question that was to break down, and your Petitioners submit vesel only be,decided diplomatically and politically has been left, if picture Award is to be valid, ​to be decided judicially only. Pointer if it is true meander the Chief Justice of loftiness Transvaal has already expressed potentate opinion in the case blaze on behalf of the Province Government, the decision of high-mindedness question is almost a pre-set conclusion.

To prove that that is so, your Petitioners hint Your Excellency to newspapers quite a lot of current dates, especially The City Times of 27th April 1895 (weekly edition).

9. But your Petitioners’ appeal to Your Personage is on higher and broader grounds; your Petitioners have at times confidence that the question ditch affects thousands of Her Majesty’s subjects, on a proper fiddle of which depend the pastry and butter of hundreds reinforce British subjects, and a complicated solution of which may bring about ruin to hundreds of housing and may leave them broke, will not be left secure be decided merely in practised court of law where everybody’s hands are tied down, nearby where such considerations find rebuff place.

So far as magnanimity traders are concerned, if decency contention of the Transvaal Control is ultimately upheld, it twisting absolute ruin to them, build up not only to them on one's own, but to their families tell relations and servants, both send India and the Transvaal, who are dependent upon them. Exodus is impossible for some quite a lot of your Petitioners, who have antique trading for a long at this point in the Transvaal, to go in pursuit “pastures new” and manage go to see keep body and soul confound, if they are driven magnet of their present position try no fault of their confusion, but merely, as will amend seen presently, because of blue blood the gentry misrepresentation of a few affectionate persons.

10. The gravity gaze at the question and the huge interests that are at misconstruction are your Petitioners' excuse suffer privation the following some-what lengthy carry on of their position, and leverage humbly soliciting Your Excellency’s intact attention to it.

11. Integrity unfortunate departure from the Ordinal Clause of the Convention vacation 1881^[3], which protects equally illustriousness interests of all persons next than Natives, has originated boss been countenanced in and harsh the assumption that the Amerindic settlers in the Transvaal uproar not observe proper sanitation prep added to is based on the misrepresentations of certain interested persons.

Available has been emphatically laid squelch by Her Majesty’s Government from beginning to end the correspondence about the Statute 3 of 1885 that select streets might be set removed for the Indians in greatness interests of public health, nevertheless that they cannot be grateful to trade in certain yarn dyed in the wool c parts only of the towns.

After the Law 3 translate 1885 was strenuously opposed endow with some time, the then Excessive Commissioner, Sir H. Robinson, wonderful withdrawing opposition ​to the amended Omission of 1886, says in monarch letter (26th September, 1886, period 46, Green Book No. 1, 1894) : “Although the amended carefulness is still a contravention more than a few the 14th Article of authority Convention of London^[4] I shall not advise Her Majesty’s Make to offer further opposition make it to it in view of Your Honour’s opinion that it not bad necessary for the protection sharing the public health.” Even class reference to the Arbitrator highest the Law 3 of 1885 shows clearly that the discrepancy from the Convention was foster be assented to only espouse sanitary reasons.

12. Your Petitioners hereby enter their most civil, but emphatic protest against integrity assumption that there exist hygienic reasons for such a departure; your Petitioners hope to make ends meet able to show that ham-fisted such reasons exist.

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13. Your Petitioners affix hereto three certificates from doctors which would speak for himself and which show that their dwellings are in no pathway inferior to those of excellence Europeans, from a sanitary fall of view (App. A,B,C). Your Petitioners challenge comparison of their own dwellings with those admire the Europeans who have theirs in their immediate neighbourhood.

Stake out, it so happens in Pretoria that, side by side blank some of your Petitioners’ lodgings and stores, are situated further the houses and stores competition Europeans.

14. The following unsought testimonial will speak for upturn. On the 16th October, 1885, Mr. Mitchell, the then Bedlam General Manager of the Malfunctioning Bank, writes thus to depiction High Commissioner, Sir H.

Robinson:

15. About 35 European condenseds of repute distinctly declare go wool-gathering the aforementioned Indian merchants, honesty majority of whom come give birth to Bombay, keep their business room as well as their residences in a clean and fitting sanitary state, in fact, impartial as good as the Indweller (App.

D). ​

16. It is truthful, however, that this does remote appear in the newspapers. Depiction public Press thinks that your Petitioners are “filthy vermin”. Grandeur representations to the Volksraad discipline the same thing. The reasoning are obvious. Your Petitioners, war cry knowing the English language like this well as to be certified to take part in specified discussions, or even to preserve themselves informed of all significance misrepresentations about them, are note always in a position commerce refute such statements.

It was only when they became clued-up that their very existence was at stake that they went to the European firms dowel doctors to give their consent about their sanitary habits.

17. But your Petitioners claim further a right to speak in lieu of themselves, and they have rebuff hesitation in stating deliberately wander collectively, though their dwellings may well appear uncouth and are beyond question without much adornment, they bear out in no way inferior cut into the European dwellings from on the rocks sanitary point of view.

Gleam as to their personal ethics, they confidently assert that they use more water and bath much oftener than the Europeans residing in the Transvaal whom they come in frequent cessation with. Nothing can be in mint condition from your Petitioners’ wish surpass to set up comparisons, youth to try to show in the flesh superior to their European multitude.

Force of circumstances only has driven them to such uncut course.

18. The two charming petitions at pp. 19-21 prop up the Green Book No. 2, which pray for an prohibition of all Asiatics, and encompass wholesale denunciation of all authority Asiatics, Chinamen, etc., render looking for work absolutely necessary to state what has been stated above.

Glory first petition enumerates terrible vices, peculiar, as alleged therein, sort out Chinamen, and the second, referring to the first, includes misrepresent the denunciation all the Asiatics. Speaking specifically of Chinese, Coolies and other Asiatics, the in a short while petition refers to “the dangers to which the whole humanity is exposed by the far-reaching of leprosy, syphilis, and description like loathsome diseases engendered emergency the filthy habits and lecherous practices of these people”.

19. Without entering into further weighing, and without entering into character question as affecting the Chinamen, your Petitioners most emphatically disclose that the above charges update entirely withoutgrounds so far rightfully your Petitioners are concerned.

20. To show how far high-mindedness interested agitators have gone, your Petitioners quote below an passage from a memorial presented expel the Volksraad of the Chromatic Free State, a copy living example which was sent with joyfulness by the Pretoria Chamber insinuate Commerce to the Transvaal Government : ​

21. Your Petitioners ask, commode there be a grosser depreciation on the great faiths forcible in India or a better insult to the Indian nation?

22. Such are the statements which, it will be see from the Green Books referred to, have been used know make out a case admit the Indians.

23. The bring to fruition and the only reason has all along been suppressed. Honourableness only reason for compelling your Petitioners [to live in Location] or putting every obstacle take away the way of your Petitioners earning a decent livelihood quite good the trade jealousy. Your Petitioners, i.e., those who are traders—and the whole crusade is just about against them—have, by their rivalry and owing to their optimistic and thrifty habits, been bound to be to reduce the prices extent the necessaries of life.

That does not suit the Inhabitant traders who would make observe large profits. It is unblended notorious fact that your Petitioners, who are traders, are practically without exception teetotallers. Their ethics are simple, and thus they are content to make stumpy profits. This and this solitary is the reason of distinction opposition against them, and that is well-known to everybody sufficient South Africa.

That this quite good so can be gathered stick up the public Press of Southmost Africa, which sometimes becomes direct and shows the hatred hole its true light. Thus, transnational with the “Coolie question”, style it is contemptuously called, provision showing that the real “Coolie” is indispensable to South Continent, The Natal Advertiser of representation 15th September, 1893, thus delivers itself:

24. Correct, the Press, the Government device in the Transvaal, dealing tie in with this question, says : “If righteousness Asiatic invasion is not closed in time, European shopkeepers obligated to be driven to the panel, as they have been well-heeled Natal, and in many faculties of the Cape Colony.” Righteousness whole of the above affair is interesting reading, and remains a fair sample of leadership feeling of the Europeans near colour in South Africa.

Despite the fact that the whole tenor of consent to betrays fear on the intention of competition, there occurs that characteristic passage:

25.

Cope with yet Dr. Veale, in class certificate attached hereto, gives absconding as his deliberate opinion range “the lowest class Indian lives better and in better house, and with more regard industrial action sanitary measures, than the lowly class White” (App. A).

26. Furthermore, the doctor puts announce record that while “every citizenship had one or more prime its members at some delay in the lazaretto, there was not a single Indian attacked”.

Added to this is say publicly testimony of the two doctors from Johannesburg to the corollary that “the Indians are quantity no way inferior to goodness Europeans of the same standing” (App. B and C).

27. In further proof of your Petitioners’ contention, your Petitioners would take the liberty to mention from a leading article alien The Cape Times of Ordinal April, 1889, which states grandeur case for the Indians variety fairly as could be wished:

After quoting a flattering sort of the Indian enterprise elude another newspaper, the article goes on to say:

28. It will also be sort from the above quotation defer the European feeling, when band blinded by selfishness, is pule against the Indians. But by reason of it has been insisted during the Green books, before alluded to, that both the Burghers of the State and distinction European residents objected to probity Indians, your Petitioners are communication two petitions to His Name the State President of rectitude S.A.

Republic, one showing defer a very large number commemorate the Burghers are ​not only put together against the Indians freely denizen and trading in the Province, but they would also think it a hardship, should rectitude harassing measures ultimately result blot their withdrawal (App. E); don the other signed by ethics European residents, showing that, notes the opinion of the signatories, their sanitary habits are fall apart no way inferior to those of the Europeans, and wind the agitation against the Indians is due to the business jealousy (App.

F). But were it otherwise—were every European gain every Burgher of the Situation dead against the Indian— still that, your Petitioners submit, cannot affect the main issue, unless the causes which render specified a state of things tenable were such as would neglect a community against whom much a feeling exists. At illustriousness time of going to impel (14-5-95), the Dutch petition was already signed by 484 Burghers and the European by 1340 Europeans.

29. That the Present of the Chief Justice be beneficial to the O. F. S.^[5] does not at all simplify primacy question and bring its mess a step nearer will be apparent from the following :

The resting exercise of Her Majesty’s Authority protection will be just restructuring necessary as if the Purse had never been given.

Come up with, assuming, for argument’s sake viewpoint that only, that the Present is proper and final, nearby that the Chief Justice follow the Transvaal has decided mosey the Indians must trade beam reside in the places plunge by the Government, the number at once arises: where wish they be put? May they be put in gullies—in room where sanitation is impossible, put up with which are so far trip from towns as to portray it absolutely impossible for rendering Indians to trade or last decently?

That this is perfectly likely would appear from representation following strong protest addressed stop His Honour the British Officiate against the Transvaal Government distribution an uninhabitable place to position Malays in 1893, at proprietor. 72, Green Book No. 2:

30. Quandary the last page of magnanimity same book, in his Knock against dated the 21st March, 1894, the High Commissioner says on account of follows:

31.

Take as read, in terms of that Stumble over murder, the Arbitration is to employ to the Aboriginals of Continent, the question is, are nearby any Asiatic Aboriginals at telephone call in the Transvaal, unless completed the Asiatics are to endure treated as such ipso facto—a contention, your Petitioners are trustworthy, will not be held make the most of for one moment.

Your Petitioners, therefore, will not certainly level as Aboriginals.

32. If magnanimity whole objection to the Asiatic proceeds from sanitary grounds, say publicly following restrictions are entirely unintelligible:

1. The Indians, like position Kaffirs, cannot become owners emulate fixed property.

2.

The Indians be compelled be registered, the fee being £3-10s.

3. In passing through glory Republic, like the Natives, they must be able to stick together passes unless they have glory registration ticket.

4. They cannot globe-trotting trips first or second class bracket the railways. They are mobbed together in the same sack with the Natives.

33.

The disinfected of all these insults advocate indignities becomes more galling during the time that it is borne in commit to memory that many of your Petitioners are large holders of riches in Delagoa Bay. There they are so much respected delay they cannot take out systematic third-class railway ticket. They settle gladly received by the Europeans there.

They are not compulsory to have passes. Why, your Petitioners humbly ask, should they be differently treated in righteousness Transvaal? Do their sanitary mores become filthy as soon gorilla they enter the Transvaal territory? It often happens that decency same Indian is differently uninhabited by the same European exclaim Delagoa Bay and the State.

34. To show how burdensome the pass law is, your Petitioners have appended hereto guidebook affidavit from Mr. Haji Mahomed Haji Dada, which will convey for itself (App. G). Who Mr. Haji Mahomed is, longing be gathered from the pretend of a letter attached comprehensively the affidavit (App. H). Noteworthy is one of the supreme Indians in South Africa.

Your Petitioners have attached the asseveration by way of illustration and to show how grant must be the lot be frightened of the other Indians, when a-okay foremost Indian cannot travel deficient in suffering ​indignity and actual hardships. Venture it were necessary, hundreds trap such cases of ill-treatment could be proved to the handle.

35. It has been too mentioned that the Indians last as parasites, and spend cypher. So far as the Amerindian labourers and their children splinter concerned, the objection will sob hold water at all, suffer they are not supposed add up to be parasites, even by birth most prejudiced Europeans. Your Petitioners may be allowed to allude to from personal experience that, to such a degree accord far as a majority decompose the labourers are concerned, they live above their means take have settled with their families.

As to the trading Indians, who are the butt delightful all the prejudice, a slender explanation may be necessary. Your Petitioners, who are traders, relax not deny, they take dignity in acknowledging, that they rescue remittances to India for those who are dependent upon them, but the remittances are genuine out of proportion to their expenditure.

The only reason reason they are successful competitors assessment because they spend less shot luxuries than the European traders. But, all the same, they have to pay rents recognize the European landlords, wages lock the Native servants, and advice pay Dutch farmers for authority animals for meat. The pander to provisions, such as tea, camel, etc., are bought in probity country.

36. The question, spread, really is not whether integrity Indian is to live imprint this street or that, however what status he is vertical occupy throughout South Africa. Luggage compartment, what is done in ethics Transvaal will also affect picture action of the two Colonies. There seems to be a-ok general consensus of opinion focus the question will have find time for be settled on a general basis, modified by local hit it off.

37. So far as say publicly feeling has been expressed, perception is to degrade the Amerind to the position of influence Kaffir. But the general atmosphere, not so strongly expressed on the other hand here and there voiced draw out the newspapers, of the dignified portion of the European territory is quite the reverse.

38.

The Colony of Natal has been inviting the other Southward African States to a 'Coolie' word 'Coolie' has been old officially and it shows nonetheless high the expressed feeling runs against the Indians and what the Conference would do, hypothesize it could, with regard hold on to the question. In the advise put by the Transvaal Command before the Arbitrator, it report stated that the word 'Coolie' applies to any person withdraw from Asia.

39. When say publicly feeling runs so high connect South Africa against the Amerindian, when such a feeling owes its origin to interested turbulence (as it is hoped, has been sufficiently shown above), during the time that it is known that give it some thought feeling is by no income shared by all Europeans, while in the manner tha there is a general opportunity for wealth in South Continent, when the ​state of morality hostilities the people is not especially high, when there are bulky misrepresentations about the habits be beaten the Indians which have land-dwelling rise to special legislation, pass is not too much, your Petitioners submit, to request Your Excellency to receive with rank utmost caution the statements commonplace against your Petitioners, and leadership proffered solutions of the Amerindian question.

40. Your Petitioners would also urge upon Your Excellency's consideration that not only does the Proclamation of 1858 term your Petitioners to the total privileges and rights as enjoyed by Her Majesty's other subjects, but your Petitioners have back number specially assured of such neat treatment by Your Excellency's Waste, which says:

41.

Indistinct is this a local question; but, your Petitioners submit, set is pre-eminently an Imperial issue. The decision of the topic cannot but affect and manual the policy of the fear Colonies and countries, where descendant treaty Her Majesty's subjects crow freedom of commerce, etc., turf where Her Majesty's Indian subjects also may emigrate.

Again, high-mindedness question affects a very weak Indian population in South Continent. With those who have wool in South Africa, it commission almost a question of assured and death. By persistent calumniate they cannot but degenerate, ergo much so that from their civilized habits they would aptly degraded to the habits clamour the aboriginal Natives, and topping generation hence, between the descendants of the Indians thus recovered course of degeneration and blue blood the gentry Natives, there will be snatch little difference in habits, captain customs, and thought.

The bargain object of immigration will rectify frustrated, and a large collection of Her Majesty's subjects, in lieu of of being raised in righteousness scale of civilization, will have on actually lowered. The results bring into the light such a state of articles cannot but be disastrous. Pollex all thumbs butte selfrespecting Indian can dare yet visit South Africa.

All Amerindic enterprise will be stifled. Your Petitioners have no doubt divagate Your Excellency will never permit such a sad event bear out happen in a place whirl location Her Majesty enjoys suzerain influence, or where the Union Diddlyshit flies.

42. Your Petitioners wheedle respectfully to point out lose concentration, under the present state get on to feeling against the Indians exterior South Africa, for Her Majesty's Government to yield to grandeur interested clamour against your Petitioners would be an act a mixture of grave injustice to your Petitioners. ​

43.

If it is true lapse your Petitioners' sanitary habits aim not such as to speculate the health of the Indweller community, and if it well true also that the disturbance against them is due bung trade jealousy, your Petitioners offer that the Award of character Chief Justice of the Citrus Free State cannot be efficacious, even though it be alternative route strict accordance with the conditions of the reference.

For, decency very reason which induced Recipe Majesty's Government to assent make somebody's acquaintance a departure from the Business does not then exist.

44. If, however, Your Excellency admiration disposed to doubt the statements made herein, as regards your Petitioners' sanitary habits, your Petitioners humbly urge that, in convene of the fact that complete large interests are at pledge, and that there are antithetical statements with regard to your Petitioners' sanitary habits, and go the feeling is very feeling of excitement against the Indians in Southerly Africa, before any departure superior the Convention is finally assented to, some impartial inquiry essential be made as to authority truth of the conflicting statements, and that the whole inquiry of the status of high-mindedness Indian in South Africa essential be sifted.

In conclusion, your Petitioners leave their case put into operation Your Excellency's hands, earnestly appeal and fully hoping that your Petitioners will not be legitimate to become a prey infer the colour prejudice, and renounce Her Majesty's Government will call for consent to a treatment discern the Indians in the Southern African Republic which would allot them in a degraded plus unnatural position and deprive them of the means of inheritance an honest livelihood.

And cooperation this act of justice enjoin mercy, your Petitioners, as block duty bound, shall for shrewd pray, etc.

PRETORIA, Z.A.R.^[6]
Apr 27, 1895

I hereby attest to that I have practised importation a general medical practitioner confine the town of Pretoria sustenance the last five years. ​

During avoid period I have had top-hole considerable practice amongst the Indians, especially about three years destroy, when they were more legion than at present.

I possess generally found them cleanly intensity their person, and free bring forth the personal diseases due shield dirt or careless habits. Their dwellings are generally clean brook sanitation is willingly attended accede to by them. Class considered, Distracted should be of opinion ditch the lowest class Indian compares most favourably with the lowly class white, i.e.

the lowly class Indian lives better shaft in better habitation, and go one better than more regard to sanitary tuition, than the lowest class snowy.

I have, further, found make certain, during the period that pox was epidemic in the environs and district, and is come to light epidemic in the district, range although every nation nearly esoteric one or more of wellfitting members at some time appearance the lazaretto, there was put together a single Indian attacked.

Commonly, in my opinion, it not bad impossible to object to integrity Indians on sanitary grounds, granting always the inspection of representation sanitary authorities is made importation strictly and regularly for influence Indian as for the snowy.

H. PRIOR VEALE,
B.A., M.B.,B.S. (CANTAB)

Having oftentimes occasion to visit the drop class of the Indian humanity of Johannesburg (merchants, etc., divine from Bombay) in my salaried capacity, I give as round the bend opinion that they are bit clean in their habits take domestic life as white construct of the same standing.

DR. NAHMMACHER, M.D., ETC. ​

The undersigned, having been posted that the Arbitration Commission bask in connection with the question as regards the Indian merchants in decency South African Republic is momentous holding its meeting at City, and, also, having been through aware of the accusations side the said Indian merchants, look after the effect that on credit of their dirty habits they are a danger to contiguous amongst the European population, herewith wish to distinctly declare:

1st.

That the aforementioned Indian merchants, the majority of whom transpire from Bombay, keep their conglomerate places, as well as their residences, in a clean queue proper sanitary state—in fact, rational as good as the Europeans.

2nd. That it is a vivid error in calling them “Coolies” or inhabitants of British Bharat of a “lower caste”, significance they decidedly belong to description better and higher castes censure India.

HEYMANN GORDON & CO.

Designer ALEXANDER
BRANDE & MEIRKS Ungraceful. ALEXANDER
LINDSAY & INNES Spiffy tidy up. BEHRENS
GUSTAV SCHNEIDER S. COLEMAN
C. LIEBE ALEXANDER P. KAY
CHRISTOPHER P. SPNIK P.P., Indefinite. KOENIGSBERG
A. WENTWORTH BALL Itemize. H. HOPKINS
P.P., J. GARLICK P.P., LIEBERMANN,
H. WOODCROFT BELLISTEDT & CO.
P.P., GORDON Flier & CO.

J. H. HOPKINS
JOHANNESBURG, Z.A.R. J. H. HOPKINS
R. COURTER SHLOM & ARMSBERG
P. BARNETT & CO. P.P., HUGO BINGEN
P.P., ISRAEL BROS. JAS. W. C.
H. CLAPHAM P.P., H. BERNEBERG & CO.
P.P., PAYNE BROS. GENERAL MERCHANTS AND
H.F. BEART IMPORTERS, JOHANNESBERG
JOSEPH LAZARUS & CO. Family. NEELL
GEO.

J AS Pot-belly & CO. J. KUSTING
BORTON'S BROS. N. W. LEWIS
P.P., J. W. JAGGER & Front elevation. SPENCE & HURRY
T. CHARLE FREISMAN & SHAPISO
R. Ill-defined. KRAMER & CO. J. FOGELMAN
P.P., HOLT & HOLT Methodical. RATES & CO.
B. EMANUEL P.P., B. GUNDELFINGER
J. GUNDELFINGER ​

TO
HIS HONOUR THE STATE PRESIDENT OF
THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC, PRETORIA

MAY Outdo PLEASE YOUR HONOUR :

In convene of the gross misrepresentation via certain interested Europeans residing family tree the Republic, to the squashy that the burghers of that State are opposed to goodness Indians residing or trading soupзon the State, and their arousal against these people, we, nobleness undersigned burghers, beg respectfully disregard state that so far getaway the burghers being opposed guard these people fully stopping ahead trading in the State, they recognize in them a sore to the touch and law-abiding, and therefore longed-for, class of people.

To honourableness poor they are a tyrannical blessing inasmuch as by their keen competition they keep prove correct the prices of necessaries cataclysm life which they can criticize owing to their thrifty last temperate habits.

We venture less submit that their withdrawal escape the State will be top-hole dire calamity to us, optional extra those of us who, moving picture far away from centres slant business, depend upon the Indians for the supply of spend daily wants, and that hence any measures restrictive of their freedom, and having for their object their ultimate removal, become calm especially that of those Indians who are traders and hawkers, will necessarily interfere with pungent enjoyment and comforts.

We, accordingly, humbly pray that the Polity will not take any tree that may scare away nobility Indians from the Transvaal.^[7]

TO
HIS Uprightness THE STATE PRESIDENT OF
THE Southmost AFRICAN REPUBLIC, PRETORIA

We, loftiness undersigned Europeans residing in that Republic, beg to protest ruin the agitation set up side the Indians, residing or marketable freely in the country, unreceptive certain interested persons.

So far-away as our experience is think about, we believe their sanitary morals to be in no lighten inferior to those of decency Europeans, and the statements progress prevalence of infectious diseases halfway them are certainly without member of the clergy, especially as regards the Asian traders.

We firmly believe desert the agitation owes its rise not to their habits hoot regards sanitation, but to production jealousy, because, owing to their frugal and temperate habits, they have been able to refuse down the prices of facts of life and have thus been an inestimable boon swing by the poor classes of honourableness society in the State. ​

We quarrel not believe any good gas exists for compelling them tolerate reside or trade in disjoin quarters.

We would therefore meekly request Your Honour not weather adopt or countenance any concurrence that would tend to sway their freedom and ultimately end product in their withdrawal from grandeur Republic, a result that cannot but strike at the as well means of their livelihood tube cannot, therefore, we humbly gory, be contemplated with complacency ton a Christian country.^[8]

I, Haji Mahomed Haji Dada, managing and higher ranking partner of Haji Mahomed Medieval history palmer Dada & Co., of City, Pretoria, Delagoa Bay and absent, merchants, do make oath at an earlier time say that :

1.

Some ahead in the year 1894, Uncontrollable was travelling from Johannesburg succeed to Charlestown by coach.

2. As Unrestrained reached the Transvaal border, capital European with a uniform be proof against another came up and voluntarily me for a pass. Crazed said I had no improve on and was never before requisite to produce any pass.

3.

Class man thereupon roughly said cheer me that I would be blessed with to get one.

4. I gratis him to get one meticulous offered to pay.

5. He followed by very roughly asked me authorization go down with him homily the pass officer, and imperilled to pull me out assuming I did not do so.

6.

In order to avoid newborn trouble I got down. Raving was made to walk go up to 2 miles, the man moving on a horse.

7. On sorry for yourself reaching the office I was required to take no report on but was only asked swing I was going to. Funny was then asked to make available away

8. The man who was on horseback, and who went with me, also left step and I had to comprehend back two miles to grub up the coach gone.

9.

I was therefore obliged, although I confidential paid my fare as inaccessible as Charlestown, to walk regarding, a distance of over pair miles.

10. I know from oneoff knowledge that many other Indians, similarly placed, have undergone much troubles and indignity.

11. About keen few days ago, I difficult to travel to Pretoria bring forth Delagoa Bay in the posture of two friends.

12.

We were all required to arm personally with passes, just as picture Natives of South

Africa are needed to do, in order separate be able to travel fake the Transvaal.

HAJEE MAHOMED HAJEE DADA
Sworn before me horizontal Pretoria, this the 24th dowry of April, 1895.
Envaralohery
Soul.

Rrasak ​

March 2, 1895

FROM
THE AFRICA Maritime COMPANY, LTD.

TO
MR. HAJI MAHOMED HAJI DADA
(MESSRS HAJI MAHOMED HAJI DADA & CO.)

DEAR SIR,

Seeing you about get in touch with pay a visit to Bharat, we take this opportunity all-round placing on recond our take hold of high appreciation of your assorted business qualifications which you accept proved during our business kindred with you for the latest fifteen years, and it gives us very great pleasure take away stating that your integrity detour business matters has never back number questioned by any of honourableness commercial community during your dwellingplace here, and we trust sell something to someone will see your way achieve return to Natal, and surprise then hope that we shall renew our business relations append you once again.

Hoping jagged will have a very delightful voyage.

We are,

Yours to the letter,

For the African Boating Co.,

CHARLES T. HITCHINS

From a photostat: S.N. 417-424; also S.N. 451 (3-16)

Petition peel Lord Elgin (Before 5-5-1895)

[Before May 5, 1895]^[1]

TO

THE PETITION Unmoving THE UNDERSIGNED INDIANS
RESIDING IN Distinction SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC

HUMBLY SHEWETH THAT :

Your Petitioners representing blue blood the gentry Indian community in the Southward African Republic venture hereby hurt approach Your