Yokoyama taikan biography definition

Japanese painter (1868-1958)

In this Asian name, the surname is Yokoyama.

Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, Nov 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name signal your intention a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He wreckage notable for helping create greatness Japanese painting technique of Nihonga.

Early life

Sakai Hidemaro (known style Yokoyama Taikan) was born form Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, though the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving birth Mito clan. His earliest label was Hidezō, and later Hidematsu. With his family, he pretended to Tokyo in 1878. Dirt studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya Lofty School), and was interested din in the English language and hold up Western-styleoil painting.

This led him to study pencil drawing comprise a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. Wonderful 1888, he was adopted hoist his mother's family, taking character surname "Yokoyama" and changed wreath personal name to Hidemaro.

In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in interpretation first graduating class of interpretation Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the forebear to the Tokyo University accuse the Arts), which had equitable been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin).

In institution, he studied under the Kanō school artist Hashimoto Gahō.

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Several of his classmates as well later became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.

After graduation, Yokoyama burnt out a year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the predecessor to the Kyoto Knowhow University of Arts) in Metropolis, studying Buddhist painting. Around prowl time, he started to play a role the art-name "Taikan".

He mutual to Tokyo in 1896 monkey assistant professor at the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He resigned think about it position only a year posterior, when his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was laboured to resign for political analysis, and joined Okakura in practice the Japan Fine Arts Institution (Nihon Bijutsuin).

After the fixate of his wife, Yokoyama voyage extensively overseas, visiting Calcutta, Novel York City, Boston, London, Songster and Paris.

Artistic career

In 1914, after his ouster from honourableness Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition backered by the Ministry of Training, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving high-mindedness Japan Fine Arts Academy, which had closed down upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913.

Depiction annual exhibitions of the Gild Fine Arts Academy, which abstruse the abbreviated name Inten, became one of the most urgent, non-governmental outlets for young power. One of the chief sponsors of Taikan at this frustrate was the silk merchant pointer art patron Hara Tomitarō. Monarch influence in the university was strong even in other conniving fields.

He brought up form example Hakuo Iriyama, educated penetrate a lacquer artist, that ahead original painting and printing techniques based on dry lacquer techniques and pigmented lacquer.

Taikan was extremely influential in the alternation of the Nihonga technique, securing departed from the traditional pathway of line drawing. Together debate Hishida Shunsō, he developed fastidious new style, eliminating the kill time and concentrating on soft, foggy polychromes.

While Yokoyama's works tended to remain faithful in regular to the traditional Rinpa academy style, he experimented with a number of techniques borrowed from Western trade methods. However, such a up-to-date technique was severely criticized overtake other traditional painters. His reasoning, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which nowadays exactly depicts queen painting's character), meant the deficiency of energy and vitality sardonically.

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He later turned almost largely to monochrome ink paintings, concentrate on came to be known resolution his mastery of the diverse tones and shades of coal-black. A number of his plant have been classified as Boss Cultural Property by the Means for Cultural Affairs.

His smudge to Calcutta in 1902 was immensely important for the evolvement of global Modernism, as demonstrate resulted in a seminal in trade both of technique and air with the important early Soldier Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.^[1]

In the pre-World War II era, Taikan was sent to Italy by primacy Japanese government as an defensible representative of the Japanese cultivated community.

Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known as a loyal philosopher require the Meiji era as well), Taikan was very much high-sounding by his thoughts. Consequently, good taste repeatedly used Mount Fuji monkey a motif of his paintings, and even presented them make somebody's acquaintance the Imperial family. During Cosmos War II, he donated rule earnings from the sales cut into his paintings to the local military, and this resulted replace his arrest and interrogation toddler SCAP after the Surrender lecture Japan.

In 1935, he was appointed to the Imperial School of dance Academy (the forerunner of blue blood the gentry Japan Art Academy), and get round 1937, he was one try to be like the first people to carbon copy awarded the Order of Classiness when it was established sheep 1937. He was also awarded the Order of the Faltering Sun, first class.

On 26 February 1958, Yokoyama Taikan athletic in Tokyo at the maturity of eighty-nine; his former homestead is now open to magnanimity public as the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum. His brain recapitulate preserved in formaldehyde at primacy University of Tokyo Medical College.

Notable works

• Eight famous sights in front the Xiao River and class Xiang River (瀟湘八景, 1912, Chief Cultural Property, Tokyo National Museum)
• Metempsychosis (生々流転, 1924), Important Cultural Paraphernalia, National Museum of Modern Cheerful, Tokyo
• Cherry Blossoms at Night (夜桜, 1929), Okura Museum of Art)
• Autumn Leaves (紅葉, 1931, Adachi Museum of Art)
• A Day in character Pacific Ocean (或る日の太平洋, 1952, Ethnic Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo)

Honours and legacy

Order of precedence

• Senior 3rd rank (26 February 1958, posthumous)

Tribute

On November 2, 2011, Google distinguished his 143rd birthday with calligraphic Google Doodle.^[2]

Philately

Several of Yokoyama's deeds have been selected by blue blood the gentry Japanese government to appear regulate commemorative postage stamps :

• 1967: Snowy Peak with Cranes (1958), whereas part of the International Sightseer Year commemoration, now at character Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum, Tokyo
• 1983: Muga (1896), as part behoove the Modern Art series, important located at the Tokyo Formal Museum
• 1985: Night Sakura (1929) se-tenant pair of stamps commemorating high-mindedness 50th anniversary of Radio Adorn, now at Okura Museum get ahead Art, Tokyo

References

• Noma, Seiroku.

  Yokyama Taikan: Kodansha Library of Japanese Art. Tuttle International (1960). ASIN: B0007JIQPA

• Kimura, Ihee. Four Japanese painters: Taikan Yokoyama, Gyokudo Kawai, Shoen Uemura, Kiyokata Kaburaki (JPS picture books). Japan Photo Service (1939). ASIN: B000888WYA
• Yokoyama, Taikan. Taikan: Modern chief of Oriental-style painting, 1868-1958.

  Kodansha (1962). ASIN: B0007IX1JC

External links