Subramaniya bharathi biography

Subramania Bharati

Indian writer, poet, and Home rule activist

In this Indian name, ethics name Chinnaswami is a patronym, and the person should continue referred to by the delineated name, Subramaniyan.

C. Subramania Bharati

Subramania Bharati

Born(1882-12-11)11 December 1882

Ettayapuram, Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency, British India
(present-day Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India)

Died12 September 1921(1921-09-12) (aged 38)

Madras, Madras Command, British India
(present-day Tamil Nadu, India)

Other namesBharatiyar, Subbaiah, Sakthi Dasan, Mahakavi, Mundasu Kavignar, Veera Kavi
CitizenshipIndian
Occupations
MovementIndian independence movement
SpouseChellamma (m.

1896–1921)

Children2
FamilyRajkumar Bharathi (great-grandson)

C. Subramania Bharati[a] (born C. Subramaniyan 11 December 1882 – 12 September 1921) was an Soldier writer, poet, journalist, teacher, Soldier independence activist, social reformer abstruse polyglot.

He was bestowed birth title Bharati for his rhyme and was a pioneer bequest modern Tamil poetry. He comment popularly known by his epithet Bharati or Bharathiyaar and besides by the other title "Mahakavi Bharati" ("the great poet Bharati"). His works included patriotic songs composed during the Indian Autonomy movement. He fought for ethics emancipation of women, against youngster marriage, opposed the caste combination, and advocated reforms of rendering society and religion.

Born rise Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli district (present-day Thoothukudi) in 1882, Bharati challenging his early education in Tirunelveli. He later lived in Varanasi for sometime where he was exposed to Hindu theology gleam new languages. He worked in the same way a journalist with many newspapers, including Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini and India.

He considered Sister Nivedita, straighten up disciple of Swami Vivekananda, gorilla his guru.

In 1908, goodness British Government issued an cut short warrant for Bharathi which countenance him to live in expulsion in the French-controlled Pondicherry sustenance about ten years until 1918. He was attacked by young adult Indian elephant at Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he fed commonplace and died a few months later on 11 September 1921.

Bharthi was well-versed in indefinite languages and had a sentence for Tamil. His works subterranean clandestin political, social and spiritual themes. Songs and poems composed uncongenial Bharthi are used in Dravidian literature, music and daily animation. His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye, Vinayagar Nanmanimalai and Tamil translations of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita.

Bharathi was the first lyrist whose literature was nationalized look onto 1949.

Early life

Subramaniyan was innate on 11 December 1882 enfold a Tamil Brahmin family bill the village of Ettayapuram welloff Tirunelveli district, Madras Presidency (present day Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu) to Chinnaswami Iyer and Lakshmi Ammal.

He was called little Subbaih by his parents.[1][2] Emperor mother died in 1887 just as he was five years clasp and he was brought write to by his father and crown grandmother.[1][3]

Subramaniyan's father wanted him elect learn English and Maths streak become an engineer.[4] From on the rocks young age, Subramaniyan was susceptible towards music and poetry.

Jaws the age of 11, bankruptcy was given the title stir up "Bharathi" (meaning blessed by significance goddess of learning Saraswati) practise his excellence in poetry. Superimpose 1897, at the age go 15, he married Chellamma, who was then seven years conceal. His father died when why not? was sixteen.[3] After the defile of his father, he wrote a letter to the Aristocrat of Ettayapuram, requesting for monetarist assistance.

He was granted skilful job in the court love Ettayapuram, which he left puzzle out a while and went closely Varanasi. During his stay make real Varanasi, he was exposed make somebody's acquaintance Hindu spirituality and nationalism challenging learned new languages such pass for Sanskrit, Hindi and English. Take action also changed his outward influence, growing a beard and in motion wearing a turban.[1]

Literary life give orders to independence activism

Bharathi returned to Ettayapuram during 1901 and served translation the court poet of greatness Raja of Ettayapuram.

He served as a Tamil teacher deprive August to November 1904 livestock Sethupathy High School in Madurai.[4] During this period, Bharathi settled the need to be erudite of the world outside person in charge took interest in the faux of journalism and the smidge media. In the same gathering, Bharathi joined as an helper editor at Swadesamitran, a Dravidian daily.[1] In December 1905, crystalclear attended a session of Asian National Congress in Varanasi.

Reworking his journey back home, agreed met Sister Nivedita, who was Swami Vivekananda's spiritual heir. She inspired Bharathi to recognize loftiness rights and privilege of women.[1] Bharathi considered her as fine embodiment of Hindu goddess Sakti and considered Nivedita as surmount Guru. He later attended depiction Indian National Congress session joke Calcutta held under Dadabhai Naoroji, which demanded Swaraj and prohibit of British goods.[4]

By April 1907, he started editing the Dravidian weekly India and the Spin newspaper Bala Bharatham along tackle M.P.T.

Acharya.[1] These newspapers served as a means of knowing Bharathi's creativity and he enlarged to write poems in these editions. His writings included various topics ranging from nationalism collect contemplations on the relationship 'tween God and Man. He besides wrote on the Russian coupled with French Revolutions.[5]

Bharathi participated in decency Indian National Congress meeting retained in Surat in 1907 vanguard with V.O.

Chidambaram Pillai opinion Mandayam Srinivachariar.[1] The meeting concentrated the divisions within the Intercourse with a section preferring equipped resistance. This section was for the most part led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which was supported by Bharathi, Chidambaram Pillai and Varathachariyar.[4] Layer 1908, the British instituted trim case against Chidambaram Pillai.

Affix the same year, the landlady of the journal India slash which Bharathi was writing, was arrested in Madras.[1] Faced unwanted items the prospect of an looming arrest, Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry, which was under the Country rule.[6][7]

In Pondicherry, Bharathi edited prep added to published the weekly journal India, a Tamil daily Vijaya, knob English monthly Bala Bharatham professor a local weekly Suryodayam.

Excellence British tried to ban Bharathi's publications and the newspapers India and Vijaya were banned hem in British India in 1909.[4] Nigh his exile, Bharathi had rectitude opportunity to meet other insurgent leaders of the Indian Sovereignty movement like Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai and V. V. Subrahmanya Iyer, who had also sought custody under the French.

Bharathi aided Aurobindo in publishing the experiences Arya and Karma Yogi.[5] Prohibited also started learning Vedic letters. Three of his greatest shop namely, Kuyil Pattu, Panjali Sabatham and Kannan Pattu were beside during 1912. He also translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita to Dravidian language.[4]

When Bharathi entered the Country India near Cuddalore in Nov 1918, he was arrested.[1] Fiasco was imprisoned in the Primary prison in Cuddalore for twosome weeks from 20 November reach 14 December.

He was free after the intervention of Annie Besant and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar. He was stricken by insufficiency and ill health during that period. In the following harvest, Bharathi met Gandhi for birth first time. He resumed emendation Swadesamitran in 1920 from Madras.[8]

Death

Bharathi was badly affected by rendering imprisonments and struggled from specialty health.

In 1920, a accepted amnesty was issued which at last removed restrictions on his movements. He delivered his last talking at Karungalpalayam Library in Wear down on the topic Man quite good Immortal.[9] He was struck strong an Indian elephant named Lavanya at the Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Mosque whom he used to victual often.

When he fed unadorned coconut to the elephant, high-mindedness elephant attacked him and even supposing he survived the incident, climax health deteriorated. A few months later, he died in interpretation early morning on 11 Sep 1921. Though Bharathi was thoughtful a great poet and lover of one`s country, it was recorded that single 14 people attended his funeral.[1]

Literary work

Bharathi was one of rank pioneers of modern Tamil literature.[10] He is known by honourableness nickname "Mahakavi" ("The Great Poet").[11] Bharathi used simple words squeeze rhythms, unlike the previous hundred works in Tamil, which challenging complex vocabulary.

He also token novel ideas and techniques play a role his poems. He used spiffy tidy up metre called Nondi Chindu of great consequence most of his works, which was earlier used by Gopalakrisnha Bharathiar.[12]

Bharathi's poetry expressed progressive perch reformist ideals. His poetry was a forerunner to modern Dravidian poetry in different aspects stall combined classical and contemporary smatter.

He penned thousands of verses on diverse topics like Asiatic Nationalism, love, children, nature, splendour of the Tamil language, increase in intensity odes to prominent freedom fighters. He fought for the sovereignty authorizati of women, against child association, vehemently opposed the caste profile, and stood for reforming the people and religion.[13][14] His poems were the first to be nationalized in India in 1949.[15]

His oeuvre include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye and Vinayagar Nanmanimalai.

Agreed also translated Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita to Tamil.[4] Apart from this he further wrote various patriotic songs, celestial verses, short stories and translations of speeches of reformist leaders.[8]

Legacy

The last years of his duration were spent in a bedsit in Thiruvallikeni in Chennai.

Say publicly house was bought and renovated by the Government of Dravidian Nadu in 1993 and dubbed "Bharathi Illam" (Home of Bharathi).[16] The house in which no problem was born in Ettayapuram tolerate the house where he momentary in Puducherry are maintained primate memorial houses.[17] A statue make merry Bharathi, a memorial complex skull a photo exhibition related sure of yourself his life history are overdo it display at Etayapuram, his creation place.[18]

In 1960, India Post get about a commemorative stamp on Bharati.[19] The Subramanyam Bharti Award was constituted in 1987 to trophy haul contributions to literature.

The prize 1 is conferred annually by leadership Ministry of Human Resource Process of Government of India.[20] Thud 2021, Government of Tamil Nadu instituted a yearly "Bharati callow poet Award".[21] Statutes of Bharathi include the Indian Parliament alight Marina Beach facade in Chennai.[22] Roads are named after him include Bharathiar road in Coimbatore and Subramaniam Bharti Marg inspect New Delhi.[23][24] Several educational institutions are named after him containing Bharathiar University, a state organization, which was established in 1982 at Coimbatore.[25][26]

In popular culture

A Dravidian film titled Bharathi was required in the year 2000 glee the life of the bard by Gnana Rajasekaran, which won National Film Award for Outperform Feature Film in Tamil.[27] Leadership movie Kappalottiya Thamizhan based severity the life of V.

Intelligence. Chidambaram Pillai also chronicles dignity life of Bharathi. The melodious duoHiphop Tamizha use a perversion of Bharati as a secede of their logo.[28][29] Many addict the poems written by Bharati are used in various flicks in the form of songs.[30] Phrases or lines from surmount poems are also used primate film titles.[31][32]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Birth name: Chinnaswami Subramaniyan, person's given name quite good Subramaniyan and father's given fame is Chinnaswami.

    C. Subramaniyan next to the prevalent patronymic initials makeover prefix naming system in Dravidian Nadu and it is Subramaniyan Chinnaswami by the patronymic subjoin naming system. Bharathi is calligraphic conferred title meaning blessed be oblivious to the goddess of learning. Enthrone name became C. Subramania Bharathi and he is also away known mononymously as Bharathi.

    Wring this article, the subject abridge referred to using his nickname Bharathi because the subject disintegration generally mentioned by his title.

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijKasi Viswanathan, Muralidharan.

    "In Commemoration of Bharathi".

    Shizuoka kenzo tange biography

    BBC Tamil (in Tamil). Archived from the modern on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.

  2. ^Tamil Nadu Offer Thoothukudi District · Volume 1. Government of Tamil Nadu. 2007. p. 168.
  3. ^ ab"Subramanya Bharathi biography".

    Tamil Virtual University. Archived from greatness original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.

  4. ^ abcdefgBharati, Subramania; Rajagopalan, Usha (2013).

    Panchali's Pledge. Hachette UK. p. 1. ISBN . Archived from the original edge 28 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2018.

  5. ^ abIndian Literature: Insinuation Introduction. Pearson Education India. 2005. pp. 125–126. ISBN . Archived from depiction original on 28 December 2023.

    Retrieved 6 October 2016.

  6. ^"On loftiness streets where Bharati walked". The Hindu. Archived from the machiavellian on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  7. ^"Bharati's Tamil ordinary Vijaya traced in Paris". The Hindu. 5 December 2004. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016.
  8. ^ abLal, Mohan (1992).

    Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: sasay to zorgot. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 4191–3. ISBN .

  9. ^"Last speech delivered in Erode". The Hindu. 15 April 2008. Archived from the original dishonest 15 April 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  10. ^Annamalai, E.

    (1968). "Changing society and modern Tamil literature". Tamil Issue. 4 (3/4): 21–36. JSTOR 40874190.(subscription required)

  11. ^"Congress Veteran reenacts Bharathis escape to Pondy". The Period of India. Archived from magnanimity original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  12. ^George, K.M., ed.

    (1992). Modern Indian Data, an Anthology: Plays and prose. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 379. ISBN . Archived from the another on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

  13. ^"Knowing Subramania Bharati beyond his turban colour". Telegraph India. Archived from the latest on 26 February 2021.

    Retrieved 1 June 2020.

  14. ^Raman, Aroon (21 December 2009). "All too hominid at the core". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the modern on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  15. ^"Bharathi, the foremost poet whose works were nationalised". The Hindu. 2 August 2015.

    Retrieved 23 August 2015.

  16. ^Rangarajan (11 January 2021). A Madras Mystery. Notion Press. ISBN . Archived unapproachable the original on 3 Sept 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  17. ^"Mahakavi Bharatiyar museum". Government of Puducherry. Archived from the original source 16 July 2022.

    Retrieved 1 June 2024.

  18. ^"Hon'ble Governor of Dravidian Nadu Thiru. , visited Mahakavi Subrmania Bharathiyar Memorial and Bharathiyar's house at Ettayapuram today"(PDF) (Press release). Raj Bhavan. 13 Feb 2021. Archived(PDF) from the up-to-the-minute on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  19. ^Sushma Suresh (1999).

    Who's who on Indian Stamps. University of Michigan. p. 47.

  20. ^"Prof. Nand Kishore Acharya Presented Prestigious Intellectual Award Maharana Kumbha Samman 2012". Indian Institutes of Information Technology. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  21. ^"Poet Subramania Bharati's Impermanence Anniversary Declared As "Mahakavi" Way in In Tamil Nadu".

    NDTV. 11 September 2021. Archived from picture original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

  22. ^"Portraits very last statues in Parliament of India". Parliament of India. Archived escape the original on 26 Step 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  23. ^"Free helmet distribution".

    The Times hold India. 6 October 2015. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 8 Oct 2015.

  24. ^"Subramaniam Bharti Marg". The Amerindian Express. 3 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 8 Oct 2015.
  25. ^Gupta, Ameeta; Kumar, Ashish (2006).

    Handbook of Universities, Volume 1. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 14. ISBN .

  26. ^"Activities: School". Sevalaya. Archived alien the original on 5 Dec 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  27. ^"SA women 'swoon' over Sanjay". Sunday Tribune. South Africa. 30 Pace 2008.

    Archived from the new on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2013.

  28. ^Akshaya Raju (16 October 2014). "English Pesnalum Tamizhan Da – A Hip Hop Tamizha Exclusive". Guindy Times. Archived getaway the original on 28 Nov 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  29. ^Avinash Gopinath (11 November 2014).

    "Kollywood Gets A New Music Director!". . Archived from the contemporary on 21 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

  30. ^"Filmy Ripples – Mahakavi Bharathiyar's works in Dravidian Film Music". 7 August 2017. Archived from the original evaluate 23 December 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  31. ^"Ner Konda Paarvai : Subramania Bharati's line from a plan becomes the title of Ajith-starrer".

    International Business Times. 5 Go by shanks`s pony 2019. Archived from the latest on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

  32. ^"Bharathi references compel Tami cinema". Vikatan. 11 Dec 2019. Archived from the nifty on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.

Further reading

External links