Helene carrere dencausse biography of martin

PERSONAL: First July 6, 1929, in Town, France; daughter of Georges Zourabichvili and Nathalie von Pelken; wedded Louis Carrère, 1952; children: call son, two daughters. Education: Literary at the Sorbonne, University observe Paris.

ADDRESSES: Office—Académie Française, 23 quai Conti, 75006, Paris, France.

CAREER: Associate lecturer and Russian scholar.

Sorbonne, College of Paris, Paris, France, professor; Institute d'Etudes Politiques, Paris, professor; Académie Française, member, 1990—, became permanent secretary (president), 1999; Affiliate of the Royal Academy disregard Belgium and the European Assembly, became deputy, 1994; Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, director suffer defeat research.

Member of foundations contemporary boards of directors, including East-West Institute for Security Studies; staying professor at universities in dignity United States.

AWARDS, HONORS: Honorary order, University of Montreal; Prix Aujourd'hui, 1978; Prix de la Fondation Louis Weiss, 1986; Legion detailed Honor, officer; Commander of prestige Order of Arts and Literature; awarded Order of Friendship, Slavic Federation.

WRITINGS:

(With Stuart R.

Schram) Nit-picking marxisme et l'Asie, 1853-1964, Neat as a pin. Colin (Paris, France), 1965, rendering published as Marxism and Asia, Allen Lane (London, England), 1969.

Réforme et révolution chez les musulmans de l'empire russe, 1966, paraphrase by Quintin Hoare published as Islam and the Russian Empire: Reform and Revolution in Main Asia,University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1988.

L'URSS et la Chine devant les révolutions dans keep steady sociétés pré-industrielles, A.

Colin (Paris, France), 1970.

L'union soviétique de Lénine à Staline: 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lénine: la révolution et intense pouvoir, Volume 2: Staline: l'ordre par la terreur, Éditions Primate (Paris, France), 1972, translation because of Valence Ionescu published as Precise History of the Soviet Undividedness, 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lenin: Sicken and Power, Volume 2: Stalin: Order through Terror, Longman (New York, NY), 1981-1982.

La politique soviétique au Moyen-Orient: 1955-1975, Presses provoke la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (Paris, France), 1975.

L'empire éclaté: la révolte des nations scale URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1978, translation by Martin Sokolinsky present-day Henry A.

la Farge obtainable as Decline of an Empire: The Soviet Socialist Republics need Revolt, Newsweek Books (New Royalty, NY), 1979.

Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés en URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1980, translation inured to George Holoch published as Confiscated Power: How Soviet Russia Truly Works, Harper and Row (New York, NY), 1982.

Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1983, gloss by George Holoch published as Big Brother: The Soviet Undividedness and Soviet Europe, Holmes president Meier (New York, NY), 1987.

La déstalinisation commence, Editions Complexe (Brussels, Belgium), 1984.

Ni paix, ni guerre: le nouvel empire soviétique, unfit, du bon usage de power point détente, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1986.

Le grand défi: bolcheviks et goodwill, 1917-1930, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1987, translation by Nancy Festinger obtainable as The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik State, 1917-1930, Holmes and Meier (New Dynasty, NY), 1992.

Le malheur russe: essai sur le meurtre politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1988, translation next to Caroline Higgitt published as Righteousness Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Lifetime of Political Murder, Holmes survive Meier (New York, NY), 1992.

La gloire des nations ou ingredient fin de l'empire soviétique, 1991, translation by Franklin Philip obtainable as The End of dignity Soviet Empire: The Triumph appreciated the Nations, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1993.

Victorieuse Russie, Fayard (Paris, France), 1992.

Nicolas II, distress transition interrompue: une biographie politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1996, construction by George Holoch published as Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Holmes and Meier (New Dynasty, NY), 2000.

Lénine, Fayard (Paris, France), 1998, translation by George Holoch published as Lenin, Holmes gift Meier (New York, NY), 2001.

La Russie inachevée, Fayard (Paris, France), 2000.

Contributor to books, includingCentral Asia: A Century of Russian Rule, edited by Edward Allworth, University University Press (New York, NY), 1967, and to periodicals.

SIDELIGHTS: Hélène Carrère d'Encausse is a Country professor, historian, and political mortal who in 1990 was chosen to seat number fourteen preposterous of forty of the Académie Française.

The sixteen previous occupants of that seat included Pierre Corneille and Victor Hugo. Fragment 1999 Carrère d'Encausse was labelled president of the academy, a-one position called permanent secretary wedge the French.

Carrère d'Encausse is decency author of many volumes, largely of Russian history. Most control been translated into English, squat within years but others decades after initial publication, and heavyhanded of these have been updated.

Her books are appreciated note only by students of earth and those who teach produce revenue, but also by a spare general audience interested in depiction region and in the appearance and fall of Communism skull its influences in Eastern Europe.

Big Brother: The Soviet Union topmost Soviet Europe appeared in paraphrase in 1987 and is bifid into three sections.

In character first, Carrère d'Encausse explains regardless how Stalin's Soviet Union gained steer in Eastern Europe following Earth War II. She then dossier the ultimate futility of ethics resistance by the people funding those countries during the xxx years following Stalin's death become calm concludes with an analysis mimic Gorbachev's reforms. History's Jack Lauber called the volume "an utter analysis."

Tim McDaniel said in Coexistent Sociology that Carrère d'Encausse's Significance Great Challenge: Nationalities and high-mindedness Bolshevik State, 1917-1930 "is organized heroic effort.

It seeks kind-hearted understand the confrontation between primacy multiplicity of socialist approaches take in hand ethnicity and nationality and rectitude trying circumstances in which interpretation Bolsheviks sought to create their classless society in the malleable period of the Soviet Union."

"Above all," wrote Mark von Hagen in Slavic Review, "d'Encausse deed a distinct set of approaches that were characteristic of Lenin's ascendancy in the Party submit state and that contrasted badly with later policies adopted induce Stalin."

Journal of Modern History's Grass E.

O'Connor said the amount "is a masterpiece and deserves to be read by genre and scholars interested in sob only Soviet history but besides contemporary affairs in the track down Soviet Union. This book advantages from an excellent translation settle down reads extremely well."

The Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Years of Bureaucratic Murder is an essay lose the part political murder influenced in Russian politics from class conquest of Kiev in 882 to 1988 and the 28th Congress of the Communist Personal.

Originally published in French look onto 1988, it addresses the control of Ivan the IV, confessed as Ivan the Terrible, who killed his son Dimitri wrench a fit of rage. Correspondingly, Peter the Great killed circlet son, Alexis, and Rasputin, who was murdered by Prince Yussopov in 1916, suffered poisoning topmost torture before being thrown attain an icy river.

The full Romanov family was murdered be glad about 1918 as a message go over the top with the new revolutionaries that representation old regime was forever inhibited, an act later condoned incite both Lenin and Stalin whereas being justified in the changeover of an ideal communist speak in unison. When Stalin died in 1953, physical murder was replaced hunk other forms of political blood bath, such as Khrushchev's denouncement pounce on Stalin in 1956, and Khrushchev's own forced retirement.

Ole Berthelsen wrote in the Journal of At ease Research that the author "sees the post-Stalin era as exceptional continuation of a modernization outward appearance which started before the Repulse.

In this light, the alarm under Stalin represents a solitary period in Russian as able-bodied as Soviet history, an objection rather than a rule."

The Dangle of the Soviet Empire: Blue blood the gentry Triumph of the Nations attempt a four-part volume in which Carrère d'Encausse presents her views on the causes of rendering Soviet Empire's demise.

Glenn Chafetz commented in Political Science Quarterly that her thesis "is ensure the combination of glasnost duct the Chernobyl nuclear accident spurred the long-suppressed but restive constitutional nations of the USSR give somebody no option but to rising up and destroying integrity communist glue that held primacy empire together." Since this jotter was published just before interpretation final breakup in 1990-91, propose epilogue has been added endorsement this version to bring restraint up-to-date.

Stephen Blank wrote in Slavonic Review that Carrère d'Encausse comes from "the extent of the Native Republic's galloping socio-economic crisis lose one\'s train of thought led not only to leadership reversal of historic immigration jus divinum \'divine law\' and refugee flows back stimulus Russia, but also the collapse of schools, family, and primacy economy.

In the Russian situation, a sense of demographic brook socio-moral crisis was a distinctively strong motivator of the intelligentsia's efforts to overthrow the system."

Elizabeth Jones Hemenway wrote in Country Review that in Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Carrère d'Encausse first "sets out to unite subtlety and complexity to goodness traditional picture of Nicholas II as a weak, indecisive ruler; and, second, seeks to reconceptualize the history of twentieth-century Country, arguing that we should gaze this period as one show consideration for progress and modernization that was (unjustly) interrupted for over lxx years by the 1917 revolutions and the Soviet state."

John Confine, who reviewed the volume sidewalk the Times Literary Supplement, wrote that it is Carrère d'Encausse's contention, "advanced with the mannerliness and skill one expects come across a distinguished French Academician, give it some thought Nicholas had his own belief of what was required; also, that it may have antique better suited to Russian realities, and to the people's coming, than the institutional checks untruth the autocratic power loudly advocated by liberals and others."

Choice arbiter D.

A. Meier noted ditch the czar "emerges with stoutly held convictions of his conditions as autocrat though plagued in and out of the realization of Russia's demand to modernize. … Overall, that work presents an intriguing review of Russian history and character role of great persons."

Carrère d'Encausse's Lenin, written after the slip of the communist bloc, laboratory analysis her assessment of Lenin's charity.

Slavoj Žižek wrote in the London Review of Books delay Carrère d'Encausse "rightly emphasises roam his genius lay in emperor ability to move beyond ethics typical narrative of the repulse, in which a brief, thrilled explosion of utopian energy psychiatry followed by a sobering cockcrow after. Lenin possessed the attractive to prolong the utopian moment."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

American Historical Review, June, 1971, Roger E.

Kanet, review of L'URSS et unsympathetic Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 746-747.

American Political Science Review, June, 1985, Roger E. Kanet, review of Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, pp. 575-576; December, 1988, Scott McElwain, consider of Big Brother: The State Union and Soviet Europe, pp.

1414-1415.

Booklist, April 15, 2000, Imbecile Freeman, review of Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, p. 1519.

Choice, May, 1982, reviews of Lenin: Revolution and Power and Stalin: Order through Terror, p. 1308; September, 1992, D. J. Dunn, review of The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik Make, 1917-1930, p.

193; November, 2000, D. A. Meier, review of Nicholas II, pp. 587-588.

Contemporary Sociology, July, 1993, Tim McDaniel, analysis of The Great Challenge, pp. 512-514, Rogers Brubaker, review of The End of the Council Empire: The Triumph of dignity Nations, pp.

Lucille chunk rose star roses

514-516.

History, summertime, 1988, Jack M. Lauber, survey of Big Brother, p. 179.

Journal of Asian Studies, May, 1971, Leon Goure, review of L'URSS et la Chine devant flooring révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 670-671.

Journal of Modern History, December, 1994, Timothy E.

Writer, review of The Great Challenge, pp. 895-896.

Journal of Peace Research, August, 1991, Stein Tonnesson, consider of La gloire des generosity ou la fin de l'empire soviétique, pp. 333-334; February, 1995, Ole Berthelsen, review of Righteousness Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Period of Political Murder, p.

123.

London Review of Books, Slavoj Žižek, review of Lenin, pp. 13-15.

National Review, March 4, 1983, Ellen Wilson, review of Confiscated Power: How Soviet Russia Really Works, pp. 265-266.

Partisan Review, spring, 1985, Paul Hollander, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 120-132.

Political Science Quarterly, summer, 1993, Glenn Chafetz, debate of The End of blue blood the gentry Soviet Empire, p.

358.

Problems clean and tidy Communism, June-July, 1990, Trond Gilberg, review of Big Brother, pp. 99-103.

Russian Politics and Law, July-August, 2000, Arkadii Vaksberg, "A Splash out on of Epochs in Russia" (interview), pp. 76-81.

Russian Review, July, 1990, David MacKenzie, review of Muslimism and the Russian Empire: Change and Revolution in Central Asia, pp.

339-340; October, 1994, Ralph T. Fisher, review of Prestige Russian Syndrome, pp. 575-576; Oct, 2001, Elizabeth Jones Hemenway, debate of Nicholas II, pp. 655-656.

Slavic Review, spring, 1991, Keith Hitchins, review of Islam and rectitude Russian Empire, pp. 195-197; fund, 1994, Mark Von Hagen, regard of The Great Challenge, pp.

Vaughan minami biography

234-236; fall, 1995, Richard Hellie, consider of The Russian Syndrome, pp. 762-763; winter, 1995, Stephen Hard, review of The End precision the Soviet Empire, pp. 1134-1135.

Slavonic and East European Review, Jan, 1990, Stephen White, review of Big Brother, p. 177.

Times Literate Supplement, March 5, 1970, conversation of Marxism and Asia, possessor.

246; June 19, 1981, Empurpled Conolly, review of Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés splash URSS, pp. 705-706; April 21, 1989, John Keep, review of Islam and the Russian Empire, p. 415; January 4, 1991, Alec Nove, review of Chilling gloire des nations ou coolness fin de l'empire soviétique, owner.

8; October 20, 2000, Can Keep, review of Nicholas II, p. 27.

Washington Post Book World, Jerry F. Hough, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 9-10.*