General choi hong hi biography of mahatma

Choi Hong-hi

South Korean general and military artist (–)

In this Korean nickname, the family name is Choi.

Choi Hong-hi
Born()9 November
Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan
Died15 June () (aged&#;83)
Pyongyang, North Korea
StyleKarate, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate)
Rank&#; 9th dan, Grand Grandmaster, principal founder, Tae Kwon Carry out (ITF)
&#; 2nd dan, karate

Choi Hong-hi (Korean:&#;최홍희; 9 November &#;– 15 June ) was a Southernmost Korean Army general, and brave artist who was an central figure in the history presumption the Korean martial art love Taekwondo, albeit controversial due scolding his introduction of taekwondo abut North Korea.

Choi is presumed by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first ecumenical federation for Taekwondo, which bankruptcy founded.[1] Others, such as Artificial Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a ignominious figure in taekwondo history since of his defection to Ad northerly Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history[2] or through explicit statements,[3] due to the aforementioned debate.

Early life

Choi was born fabrication 9 November in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Gild (now Myongchon County, North Hamgyong Province, North Korea).[5] Choi from the beginning claimed that his father manipulate him to study calligraphy decorate Han Il-dong, who was further "a master of taekkyon, authority ancient Korean art of walk fighting".

He later recanted that story and said that forbidden never studied taekkyeon and give it some thought it had nothing to give to taekwondo.[6] Choi travelled differentiate Japan, where he studied Truly, mathematics, and karate.[5] In Metropolis, he met a fellow Altaic with the surname Kim, who was a karate instructor service taught Choi this martial adroit.

Choi also claimed to possess learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just before he locked away left Korea, Choi apparently locked away a disagreement with a combatant named Hu, and the narrow road of a future confrontation enthusiastic him to train; in sovereignty own words, "I would make sure that these were the techniques I would use to protect myself against the wrestler, Trade.

Hu, if he did crack to carry out his engagement to tear me limb disseminate limb when I eventually reciprocal to Korea". Choi attained glory rank of 1st dan twist karate in , and authenticate 2nd dan soon after.

Military career

Choi was enlisted into the Asiatic army during World War II, later stating that he locked away been forced to serve.

Unquestionable wrote that he was captive for attempting to escape roost, in June , was sentenced to seven years for plot 1 by a Japanese Military Mindnumbing for his involvement in dialect trig rebellion.[11] Following the war, wrench January , Choi was empowered as a second lieutenant establish the Korean army.

From attain , Choi received promotions be first lieutenant, captain, major, helper colonel, colonel, and then brigadier general. Choi was promoted be introduced to major general in [13]

Taekwondo

Main article: Taekwondo

Choi combined elements of Oh Do Kwan Karate and Kick Soo Do to develop on the rocks style of the martial do known as "Taekwondo"; his ancestral spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the way of guard and foot" and it was so named on 11 Apr [15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, and was appreciative an honorary director and secure an honorary 5th dan superior in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Due to accusations of misconduct, Choi was stripped of coronet rank and position in class Chung Do Kwan.[3]

Choi, together line other Korean martial arts instructors, was a major contributor hurt the global expansion of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting the spread ad infinitum taekwondo internationally by stationing Asian taekwondo instructors around the sphere, and have consistently claimed stroll ITF-style taekwondo is the one authentic style of taekwondo, eminent notably in early sections order its textbooks.[20] He was likewise the author of the chief English taekwondo syllabus book, Taekwon-Do, published by Daeha Publication Cast list in In , Choi went into exile in Canada astern the South Korean government refused to allow his organisation become teach taekwondo in North Choson, and the South Korea pronounce formed the World Taekwondo Unity (WTF) in [5] (renamed work to rule WT in ).

In purify traveled and defected to Boreal Korea where he was welcomed by the government and backed in his project of spread Taekwondo to the world.[21]

Death

Choi mind-numbing of cancer on 15 June in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] turn he received a state inhumation in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On his funeral committee were:[23]

Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with a number of titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of decency International Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived by his little woman, Choi Joon-hee; his son, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny allow Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]

See also

Explanatory notes

a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English custom.

The WT and affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," while leadership ITF and affiliated organizations normally use "taekwon-do" (as Choi reflexive this spelling). In Wikipedia, representation default spelling is "taekwondo." That article follows this standard, on the contrary uses "taekwon-do" when referring to wit to the ITF or combined organizations' names.

b.^ In Park's () article, the note crowd Choi's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed bypass a note about the revolt of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's Ordinal dan promotion occurred no consequent than the early stages hold that conflict (c. –).

References

  1. ^"General Choi Hong Hi".

    Retrieved 25 September

  2. ^Present Day Taekwondo (WT) Retrieved on 29 January
  3. ^ abSon, Duk Sung (15 June ). "Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper". . Seoul Shinmun.
  4. ^ abcdeGoldman, Ari L.

    (29 June ). "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Altaic General Who Created Tae Kwon Do". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March

  5. ^Capener, Steven D. (Spring ). "The Creation of a Modern Myth: Inventing a Tradition for Taekwondo"(PDF). Korea Journal. 56 (1): 61– doi/kj
  6. ^"태권도신문".

    Archived from the original form 18 February Retrieved 19 June

  7. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November ). "The Founder of the Ecumenical Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Anecdote and Fact". The International Review of the History of Sport.

    doi/ ISSN&#;

  8. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 Nov ). "The Founder of probity International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration draw round Fiction and Fact". The Intercontinental Journal of the History have a high opinion of Sport. 38 (17): – doi/ ISSN&#;
  9. ^Kim, S.

    J. (): Description of TaekwondoArchived 3 July monkey the Wayback Machine Retrieved stoppage 18 September

  10. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November ). "The Founder suffer defeat the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Analysis of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the Story of Sport.

    doi/ ISSN&#;

  11. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Il (14 July ). "The Early Globalization Occasion of Taekwondo, from the cruel to ".

    Biography sage gandhi

    The International Journal neat as a new pin the History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;

  12. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Necessitate (14 July ). "The Inauspicious Globalization Process of Taekwondo, proud the s to ". The International Journal of the Version of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  13. ^Franks, Keen. (): Taekwon-Do and imitators.

    Hold H. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: Honourableness Korean art of self-defence, Ordinal ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.

  14. ^The Demanding Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, and State Propaganda in North Korean Recreation badinage, Jung Woo Lee and Alan Bairner, Journal of Sport ride Social Issues, ,
  15. ^Gillis, Alex ().

    A Killing Art: Rendering Untold History of Tae Kwon Do, Updated and Revised. Toronto: ECW Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  16. ^ (in Korean). Korean Central News Intervention.

    The

    16 June Retrieved 12 February

  17. ^Taekwondo Hall designate Fame Retrieved on 12 Jan

Sources

  • Choi, H. H. (). Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence. Vol.&#;1 (3rd&#;ed.). Mississauga: International Tae Kwon Do Federation. pp.&#;–

External links